Best Essay Writing Services From Bestessays Com

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Light and Darkness in The White Tiger - Literature Essay Samples

Aravind Adiga adopts an epistolary form in The White Tiger, depicting the plight of a low caste servant, trying to escape the mental and physical chains that forge his destiny. Adiga initially presents a protagonist in Balram, who is engaging, despite confessing to horrific crimes. His language, thoughts, and deeds convey his originally good nature. However, this honest nature is also an immense weakness in his journey to freedom as the India Adiga presents is sharply divided into two, the Darkness, and the Light. The upper castes reside in the Light, filled with malfeasance and nepotism, a hotbed for corruption, whereas the lower castes reside in the Darkness, filled with poverty and an archaic sense of duty to family. Balram, being bogged in the Darkness, had to become his own master to succeed, as this duty to family and rampant corruption shackled him. The polarized realities of India are geographically represented. The Light is found in large cities close to the ocean, such as Bangalore which â€Å"is the future† with â€Å"one in three new office blocks†¦ being built (there)†. The Light radiates from the fast-paced social energy and massive wealth of new industries, such as Balram’s own business which boasts â€Å"sixteen drivers†¦ with twenty-six vehicles†. In this rich milieu, entrepreneurial activity corruption, and social mobility thrive. By illustrating this, Adiga highlights that while the nefarious few who sit in offices inside skyscrapers enjoy the Light of the sun, the Darkness cast by the shadows of these edifices engulf the poor. The Darkness is found in inland river villages, particularly along the traditionally sacred northern river system, the Ganga. The Darkness is symbolised as a â€Å"Rooster Coop† by Adiga, using zoomorphism to lend animalistic characteristics to peop le. Roosters in a coop watch one another slaughtered one by one, but are unable or unwilling to rebel and break out of the coop. Similarly, India’s poor people see one another crushed by the wealthy and powerful, defeated by the staggering inequality of Indian society but are unable to escape the same fate. Thus, Balram realises that he must rebel against his master to escape this inequality, becoming his own master. Born with the name â€Å"Munna†, and ultimately known as â€Å"Ashok Sharma†, Balram goes through a steady transformation from a kind-hearted boy to the animal that â€Å"comes only once in a generation†, the white tiger. He begins as a mere child and peasant in the Darkness, completely unimportant and unloved, and expected to be completely submissive to the will of his family. Forced to drop a lifetime of opportunity without even getting a say in it, he gets a job in a teashop, working for no pride with little pay. After being hired as a driver, he recognizes that his family want to â€Å"scoop (him) out from the inside and leave (him) weak and helpless† by using him for monetary gain. Learning this, he rebels, refusing to get married and refusing to dedicate his life to their ends. This signifies a major transition for him, the beginning of his corruption. He blackmails the number one driver into leaving, causing Balram to become the new number one drive r, also marking his first malicious act. While he feels some guilt upon doing this, he becomes happier, realizing that his happiness is proportionate to his ruthlessness. The more ruthless he becomes, the stronger his sense of himself as a person becomes, a person that was raised like an animal, a person made to provide dumbly until he died unceremoniously. Balram needs ruthlessness. He values individuality and freedom more than he does morality. To him freedom is a cause worth dying for, and thus it must be a cause worth killing for. This freedom wasn’t obtainable while under Ashok’s control. Thus, Balram was driven to become his own master to be â€Å"free†. Transforming into â€Å"The White Tiger†, Balram murders Ashok, finally freeing him from the shackles of the Darkness. Throughout the book, their relationship changes as Balram develops. Initially, Balram looks up to Ashok, seeing him as a good man, so he doesn’t cheat him. However, when Ashok forces Balram to take the blame for a traffic accident, it shatters that illusion. This devastates him, feeling betrayed and used. When Pinky Madam leaves Ashok, Ashok becomes corrupt. He starts sleeping around and partaking in every sin from gluttony to lust. He sleeps with a Russian Actress whilst Balram sits in the car â€Å"hoping he’d come running out†, believing he was â€Å"on the verge of making a mistake†. From this, Balram becomes disillusioned with Ashok, losing all respect for him. Ironically, this makes Balram imitate him, following his corruption by stealing petrol, suing the car for himself, using it as a taxi, and by going to corrupt mechanics. Finally, the idea of stealing the red bag emerges. He idea of taking seven-hundred-thousand rupees and be free. The red of the bag symbolizes the blood-stained wealth he will obtain. He sees what he may gain by killing Ashok, freedom. Knowing he would lose his family didn’t affect this decision, as to them he was just a resource. The instant Balram murders Ashok with the whiskey bottle, he starts referring to him as an â€Å"it†. Using this symbol of wealth as a murder weapon â€Å"shatters† the wall between him and the Light, escaping the Darkness. Thus, Adiga conveys that the only way for Balram to be â€Å"free† was to become his own master, only achieving this by killing his previous master. Summarily in The White Tiger, Balram is shackled in the Darkness, by the staggering inequality of Indian society, his family, and his servitude. Thus, Adiga conveys that the only escape from the Darkness is relinquishing these bonds, meaning Balram was compelled to become his own master in his quest for â€Å"freedom†.

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The Industrial Revolution was a great time of growth in...

The Industrial Revolution was a great time of growth in the United States. During this time in North America the eastern side of the United States is becoming overcrowded and people begin to set off in search for new land and a fresh start. Several factor contributed to both the rise and fall of railroads in the United States from the spread of westward expansion, to farmers need to stay connected to the rest of the nation, and to the start of railroad regulations agencies. In the 19th century the eastern part of North America began to become overcrowded with immigrants as well as from natural growth. This marked the time in Americas history for westward expansion and westward development. Thousands of Americans flocked to the so called†¦show more content†¦These farmers rely heavily on railroads to transport their crops from the frontier to be sold. Everything depended on the railroads without them many farmers would not get the tools they needed to provide for their families and the nation would have been disconnected. This gave the railroad companies total control of the nations wealth and also power. They controlled everything from the price they shipped items at to which town they built stations at. They would even make cities bid or get special favors to the company that built stations at the town, near the town, or even just around them. As depicted in the American Frankenstein by Frank Bellew† railroad companies became monsters th ey corrupted government officials, they bribed, and they even rigged elections for their good. It seemed like there was no way to stop these monsters from taking control of the wealth of the nation as well as the power. With no regulations to stop them it seems as if there was no end in sight. Farmers begin getting restless of the railroad monopolies; they demand the government to take action. The farmers wear in dire straits being charged exorbitant fees to ship the goods was that in turn meant little profit going towards their families. They had no choice but to pay these fees because they had no other way to transport their goods due to where they lived. The first attempt to take down the monsters was through the creation of the â€Å"Granger laws† theShow MoreRelatedThe American Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1290 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Industrial Revolution began in the 1700’s and ended in the 1800’s. Most people believe that the American Industrial Revolution began when Samuel Slater brought technology from Britain to America. This technology allowed America to use manufacturing to quicken production. Industrial items such as the sewing machine, river boats, trains, telegraph, and mills allowed for growth in the United Stat es. Immigrants from other countries gave the industrial growth enough workers to allow the growth toRead MoreWhat Did The Career Lives Of United States Women Change During The United?1535 Words   |  7 Pages This investigation aims to assess the question, to what extent did the career lives of United States women change during the United States’ industrial Revolution? My interest in women of the industrial revolution in the United States, because there are many turning points in the lifestyle of United States women and the Industrial Revolution appears to me to be one of the first steps in the evolution of the roles of women living in the United States. The method used to investigate this life changingRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second Industrial Revolution, which reached its peak during 1870 to 1914, marked a significant turning point in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excelle nce, America was on the verge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was able toRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The American Revolution1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe industrial revolution was not only technological revolution but a social one that would lie foundation that would grow the word â€Å"revolution† exponentially. The industrial revolution brought with it change, whether that change was positive or negative is questionable however it did change the world as it was known. In both England and the United States of America strong industrial revolutions struck, the revolutions would change roles in the household and society for both women and me and theRead MoreSecond Industrial Revolution1000 Words   |  4 PagesSecond US Indust rial Revolution, 1870 -1910 Darris Adkins Abstract In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined. Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 In this briefRead MoreThe Decline Of The Industrial Revolution1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe industrial revolution is a rapid development of industry that happened in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was characterized by the development of machinery, the growth of factories and the large production of manufactured goods. Between the end of the Civil War and the early twentieth century, the United States experienced one of the most significant economic technologies from Britain to the United States and founded the first U.S cotton mill in Beverly, Massachusetts. In additionRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Late 1700 s And Early 1800 S1682 Words   |  7 PagesTimes of hardship and change transpired remorefully greater during the late 1700’s and early 1800’s for Americans. A period at which rapid growth and fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, and transportation. The Industrial Revolution changed peopleâ€⠄¢s way of life at which new machinery, transportation, and technology was developed. Those inventions were too advanced for workers who worked in the factories to keep up with so they had to quickly advance in theirRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scientific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginningRead MoreEffects of the Industrial Revolution727 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, lasting between the 18th and 19th century, profoundly affected the people of Europe, North America, and other regions of the world. The revolution produced new exciting technological innovations. As a result, the socioeconomic climate and cultural aspects of Europe and North America were altered in an unprecedented manner. Industrial opportunities also lured the population away from agrarian lifestyles to more urban populaces. The Industrial Revolution extensively changedRead MoreEssay on The First Industrial Revolution: Progressing Society1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution: Progressing Society The First Industrial Revolution modified every aspect of daily life. According to Princeton University â€Å"Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants† (Princeton par. 6). The First Industrial Revolution brought along machines, a capitalist economy, and trade expansion. Machines increased productivity, capitalist

Abes global vision Essay Example For Students

Abes global vision Essay The plays an absolute roller-coaster ridelike riding squalls coming across the sea. If we get it right, it should make the audiences hair stand on end. Thats actor Sam Waterstons judgment about Abe Lincoln in Illinois, Robert Sherwoods Pulitzer-winning play of 1938. Waterston plays the eponymous role at New Yorks Lincoln Center Theater through Jan. 2, sharing the stage with nearly 50 other actors in the second major remounting of the play. The first marked its 25th anniversary and featured Hal Holbrook as Lincoln, a role also assayed over the years by Henry Fonda and Jason Robards Jr. The unfortunate Holbrook followed Raymond Massey, who originated the part and played the 16th president on Broadway for 472 performances, in the 1940 movie version and twice on televisionon ABCs Pulitzer Prize Playhouse telecast in 1950, and just a year later for the Video Theatre. To the public, Massey become the Great Emancipator. Today, however, few know the film, and only a handful of theatregoers might have seen Massey on stage, giving Waterston an opportunity to forge a different definitive Lincoln. As to whether Waterston himself is familiar with Masseys portrayal, he cagily answers, Its better not to know. Instead, Waterston focuses his attention on the play itself. There are no wasted words, scenes, events; the whole thing is constructed like a Lincolnian argument, he enthuses. I love the play. The dangers of isolation   Waterston admits, however, that he didnt recognize the plays contemporary appeal at first reading, and even Robert Sherwood had doubts about the plays structural integrity. Although his friends and fellow playwrights Maxwell Anderson, Elmer Rice, Sidney Howard and S.N. Behrman (Sherwoods rounding partners in the Playwrights Company, which originally produced Abe Lincoln) believed the play would become one of the classics of the American stage, the author himself wasnt so sure. Audiences seemed restless during Act 2, he noted, and he even admitted that critic John Mason Brown his future biographer was probably right in pointing to its shadowy, pageant-like quality. However it is received today, history will record the play as a catalyst for ameliorating the isolationist attitude so prevalent in America of the 1930s. Although Hitler controlled most of Europe by 1938, a majority of Americans refused to recognize the peril that his continuing conquest posed to their own democracy. Sherwood wrote Abe Lincoln to dramatize that danger. The play clearly establishes a parallel between the nations dont-get-involved-in-Europe mood with the owning-slaves-is-none-of-our-business stand prevalent prior to the Civil War. Dramatizing Abe Lincoln as a man of peace forced to face the hard issue of war, Sherwood sought to show that, as hateful as war is, there comes a time when people must fight for their way of life or risk losing it. Eleanor Roosevelt understood Sherwoods message and responded to it so enthusiastically that she devoted several of her syndicated My Day newspaper columns to its praises. When the movie was released in 1940, she invited Sherwood to the White House for a special showing. His Jan. 21 diary entry reads: Dined at the White House. For dinnerscrambled eggs sausages, cold meats, salad, lousy white wine (probably Californian). The Masseys, Ruth Gordon, Moss Hart present. Picture of Abe run after dinner on second floor. The President said hed like to have the text of the debate speeches to read over the radio. The clock is ticking   This first meeting with FDR, so dryly described in Sherwoods diary, led to his becoming one of three major presidential speechwriters nine months later and, in 1941, to FDRs creating (at Sherwoods urging) the Office of War Information and its Voice of America. Rarely has the voice of a playwright carried so far, so fast in practical matters. Eleanor Roosevelt attributed his smooth transition from observer of world events to central participant directly to the essential intelligence of Abe Lincoln in Illinois. .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .postImageUrl , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:hover , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:visited , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:active { border:0!important; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:active , .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u382a9ff0e05d4fa0713dd4253829f5aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Message of the play EssayThe same issues that compelled Sherwood to write the play in 1938 resonated when the play was revived in 1963, the heyday of the Civil Rights Movement, and continue to do so in 1993. For Waterston, there are parallels between the tolerance of slavery in the 1860s, the rise of fascism in the 1930s and todays America, a country grappling with its international role in the post-cold war era and unsolved social issues at home. Plainly the clock is ticking for our multiracial society, he argues. How could Lincolns global vision not be applicable today?

Venezuela 19601999 Essay Example For Students

Venezuela 19601999 Essay Since the establishment of a democracy in 1961, Venezuela has dramatically increased its role in the international community over the last four decades and has come forth as a regional leader for the Latin American and the Caribbean regions. Venezuela forms one of the most integral parts of Latin America. While its being a leader of Latin America as a whole cannot be overlooked, its even greater role as part of the Caribbean cannot be ignored. This paper will examine the International and Regional Foreign Policy of Venezuela during the last four decades, in the context of international, regional and domestic events. The final analysis will examine the circumstances leading up to and the election of President Hugo Chavez as well as the present direction of Venezuela in the international and regional context. I.Venezuela: A Panorama of the 60s through the 80sA. International Political System of the 1960-1980The Soviet Union (SU) and the United States (US) emerged from World War II as t he two world powers. The US promoted democracy and capitalism while the Soviet Union promoted Communism and Marxism. These two powers at extreme opposite ends of the political ideological spectrum, formed as the leaders of the Cold War. This was a war of dualism by way of forming alliances and spreading their ideology with ends to destroy the existence of the other. We will write a custom essay on Venezuela 19601999 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fifties set the stage for what would be an even more turbulent decade; the sixties. The fall of China to communism was a giant blow to the US and its democratic ideals. The US formed a policy according to the Domino Theory of the spread of communism that would be implemented throughout the Cold War. The Domino Theory stated that communism would be spread from one state to neighbor states, infecting regions throughout the world. To counter and stop the spread of communism the US adopted the policy of: 1) supporting existing weak democracies or democracies threatened by communist regimes 2) supporting existing anti-Communist dictators or military regimes 3) directly implementing or indirectly fostering democratic regimes and anti-Communist movements in communist or procommunist countries. The fist stark example of this policy was implemented during the Korean War. The US sent troops to help South Korea in their civil war against the Communist North Korea. Later, under the same ausp ices, the US intervened in many other countries, notably Vietnam, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Panama and Kuwait. The Soviet policy was aimed at the spread and union of the Communist/Socialist movements throughout the world. The SU aided these movements visvis money arms and in some cases invasion (Czechoslovakia 1968) to support Communist/Socialist movements and governments in all parts of the world from greater extents in North Korea and Vietnam to small Communist/Socialist movements in the US and other democratic nations. After WWII Soviet military forces never retreated from, what would later be termed, the Iron Curtain countries. The SU installed the Iron Curtain over countries such as East Germany, Poland, Austria and Hungry, to name a few. Free European nations and the US formed and signed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This pack would be vital throughout the Cold War and would provide strength and reassurance to European nations against the threat of Soviet expansionism. The fifties also began an intensified race to become more technologically advanced. The SU successfully launched the first satellite and man into space. These Soviet accomplishments sent fear into the US citizens. Supremacy of one state over the another in any one area, such as the space program, was considered a sign of inferiority. The US launched a profound campaign to catch up to the Soviet technology. The US invested millions of dollars in science education for schools and poured money into the NASA program. This was an extreme increase to the already rapid Arms Race that played a large role throughout the Cold War. During the 80s the SALT II and I was signed by the US and the SU to slow the Arms Race. Even so, technology would play en even bigger part of the well being of economies in the decades to come. The pinnacle of the Cold War erupted in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crises. In 1961 Castro officially announced that his regime was Marxist/Leninist and began to align Cuba with it s ideological partner, the SU. One year later, the US blocked Soviet ships armed with nuclear missiles destined for Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis is considered the closest to war reached by the two nations. The SU yielded to the US demands and sent their ships with nuclear missiles back to the SU. Although the situation was diffused for the moment, Castro would continue to antagonize the US throughout the following decades. During the sixties and seventies, following the Domino Theory, the US entered the Vietnam War. The US began sending military advisors to help the South Vietnamese against the Northern Communist Vietcong. The implementation of military advisors quickly turned into thousands of troops. The US eventually withdrew all US forces from Vietnam and the Vietcong won the region. The seventies saw the end to the Vietnam War as well as a calming in the tensions between the US and SU. The US President Carter and his administration brought forth to the forefront of US foreign policy issues such as Human Rights and the Environment. These issues hadnt previously been perceived as important, but would play an even greater in politics in the years to follow. The eighties had their own conflicts. The US President Reagan put the Carter issues on the back burner with invasions in Grenada and intervention in Nicaragua. Reagan was more focused on dealing with the SU and an end to the Arms Race. The SU and US signed SALT I and II as well as the Non-Proliferation Treaty (CTBT).These treaties were a bit offset by the STAR WARS program set forth by the Reagan administration. In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell and in the first half of the nineties the SU and Communism fell with it. Its fall brought forth the American model of Democracy and Capitalism as well as American neo-liberalism. The nineties will be seen as the decade of neo-liberalism.B. The Regional Politics: Latin America and the Caribbean of the 1960-1980The regional politics will be understood best by recognizing the countries that defined the atmosphere and relations of the two regions through the context of the Cold War. The US, Mexico, Argentina, Cuba, Brazil and Venezuela are the countr ies that will be considered the countries that autonomously lead and affected the regions. All other countries will be considered countries that had a lesser affect to the region but will be noted in as much as they played a significant role to historic events in the region.Latin America and the Caribbean are two of the regions that were most affected by the Cold War. Both of the regions have a close proximity to the dominating hegemony of the region, the US, and thus played an important strategic role for the US and the competing SU. It is strategically important in four ways: 1) As a potential base from which a hostile power might launch military operations against the US2) As a source of strategic raw materials. Virtually all bauxite, vital to airplane manufacture, comes from the Caribbeanand a quarter of US oil imports and one fifth of iron oregraphite, sulfur, barium, fluorspar and zinc 3) As the location of American territories and military installations. 4) As a major seaborn e logistic route, that includes the vital control of the Panama Canal. For these reasons the US has played a giant role in the internal politics of Latin America and the Caribbean. Moreover, the US increased its role in the Latin American and Caribbean region during the Cold War. The US has longed viewed the regions as dominated by unstable political systems that could be easily influenced and taken over by Communism which could quickly spread throughout the region. Unstable governments that could become Communist and house Soviet nuclear weapons in the American hemisphere prompted the US to tighten its gripe on the regions combating Socialist/Communist movements. The Cuban Case best exemplifies US fears of what could happen in Latin America and the Caribbean without careful control. In 1958, the US made it clear that it would no longer support the Batista totalitarian regime during the Cuban Revolution by putting a trade embargo on arms exports to Cuba . In January 1, 1959 Batista fled the country and Castro moved into Havana. In 1961 the relationship with Cuba and Castro changed forever when he announced he was Marxist/Leninist. The US cut off all formal relations with Cuba and supported the infamous Bay of Pigs invasion by Cuban refugees that failed miserably. In 1962, the US began initiatives to block Cuban relations with other American during the 8th OAS conference in Uruguay . In the ensuing years, many American states would take the lead of the US and break relations with Cuba. After the loss of Cuba, the US was less tolerant of revolutions and liberal minded political regimes in the region. In 1965, military officers of the Dominican R epublic overthrew the government. In April 1965 the US sent thousands of troops in to put down the leftovers of the communist and castroite Trujillo military regime. The beginning of the sixties also marked a change in US policy towards the two regions. In 1961, the Kennedy administration announced the Alliance for Progress to support and strengthen capitalist ventures and development in the regions. The Alliance for Progress passed the US congress and was granted $500 million . The majority of the $500 million was appropriated to the Social Progress Trust Fund of the Inter-American Development Bank, specifically set aside for soft-loan projects that would not normally get funded by that bank or the World Bank . Such projects included; agrarian reform, fair wage and welfare benefits for urban labor, provisions of housing and health and sanitation measures, reduction in literacy, tax reform and price stabilization. This was to provide a way out for many of the poorest of the Latin Am erican and Caribbean countries. The basic goal of the Alliance for Progress was an annual increase of 2.5% of the combined gross national product of the participating Latin American nations, a goal hard to achieve because of the high population growth rate of several countries.Regardless, the capital from the Alliance for Progress was used for development, and enterprise that wouldnt have otherwise existed due to Latin American inflation and financial instability. While the Alliance for Progress tried to replace the American image after the Bay of Pigs, the loans were not as effective as predicted. .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .postImageUrl , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:hover , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:visited , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:active { border:0!important; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:active , .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80128424b8b640496785252edcf54e4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Minimal Art EssayAfter the Bay of Pigs and the Cuba Missile Crisis, Cuba took its own route supporting its Marxist Revolutions throughout the region and in Africa. The Cubans attempted to help Marxist movements in Venezuela and Bolivia. Guevara and the Marxist Cuban Revolution stopped in Bolivia where Guevara was assassinated in 1967. Every decade after the 60s, Cuba has played less and less of a role in international and regional politics albeit from some minor skirmishes instigated by Castro. Cuba and Castro have been increasingly attacked for Human Rights violations. During the 50s, Argentina under General Peron had taken the Third Position, that being an intermediary position between the US and the SU. Peron renewed relations with the SU after decades of silence. However, as a way of securing a supply of arms from the US, Peron indicated in August, 1946, that in the event of actual war between the US and the SU, Argentina would be on the side of the US.Then under President Frondizi, Argentina made a move to align itself with Brazil and other South American nations in a pact that would make South America a strategic alliance apart from the Cold War nations. This move would go no further though because Frondizi would be overthrown by a military coup and Brazilian President Quadros resigned from office in 1961. Frondizi also made an attempt to become a mediator between relations with Cuba and the US. He met secretly with Che Guevara and US diplomat Richard Goodwin in 1961 . But the talks went no further as the positions of either country were nonne gotiable. When the military overthrew the government in 1966, it took an extremely anticommunist stance that would favor the US. Brazilian relations changed after the 1960 election of President Quadros. He made trips to Cuba, Yugoslavia and sent his vice-president to the SU and China demonstrating that close ties to the US would be reevaluated. He began closer relations with Asia, Africa and the SU. Beyond that, he stopped the Brazilian military training in the US. This was an extreme shift from the close relations that the US had enjoyed previously. Quadros resigned in 1961 and was replaced by President Joao Goulart. Goulart furthered relations when in 1963 Brazil entered into a five-year trade agreement with the SU. After the Cuba Missile Crisis, the Goulart administration voted against the OAS blockade of Cuba . Like Frondizi in Argentina, Goulart was taken out of office by a military coup in 1964. The Brazilian Military Coup returned toward a closer relationship with the US than with the SU. This military coup kept fairly close relations with the US until its fall in 1985. Since the 1800s, Mexico has taken a strict noninterventionist stance to foreign relations because of the US military interventions in Mexico. Although this stance has never been compromised in Mexican foreign policy, it has lead to some ambiguities. For example in 1962, Mexico chastised Castro for being Marxist/Leninist and held to her own law of private property. While at the same time signing an OAS resolution declaring Marxism as being incompatible with OAS ideals, she abstained on the vote to exclude Cuba from the OAS. Mexico was one of the only American states to maintain good relations with Cuba throughout the Cold War. Although Mexico never supported the US directly because of the many interventions in the region, Mexico never strayed very far from the US ideologically. It has always remained a democracy with capitalist markets. In the seventies and eighties, Mexico began a furiou s race to catch up the industrialized world. The Mexican government borrowed millions of dollars to create oil and mining industries. During the eighties Mexico went a long way in industrialization. Many scholars and economists were calling it the Mexican Miracle. The Miracle would be stopped short with the Pesos fall in value that forced many industries and the government to refinance the debt and halt the once fast pace of industrialization.C. Venezuela 1960-1980: The Coming of a Regional Power Since the birth of its constitution and democracy in 1961, Venezuela quickly rose to be one of the most influential of all the Latin American and Caribbean countries in regional and international politics. Due to large oil reserves, the Venezuelan economy flourished and brought Venezuela forth as the rich democratic leader of the third world. Venezuela also achieved an established democracy that lasted for more than thirty years. None of the political scientists of the era predicted that Ve nezuela would be one of the first Latin American countries to become democratic because of its long history of military dictators. This all changed December 15, 1957 after the false elections of the military dictator Marcos Perez Jimenez which stated that he won by an incredible 85% . In January 1, 1958, there was a military insurrection led by the junior military officers of the airforce as well as a civilian revolt named the Patriotic Junta. The airforce dropped bombs on the capital. The insurrection was not very well planned or coordinated, but the bombs were enough to scare Perez and his cronies to flee the country with about $250 million of the Venezuelan treasury. All the political parties of the Patriotic Junta could not agree on a political candidate for the upcoming new elections in December of the same year. So in October 31, 1958 the leaders of Accion Democatica, Romulo Betancourt; Copei, Rafael Caldera, and Union Republicana Democratica, Jovito Villalba came together to draw up the Pact of Punto Fijo. Also underwritten were the Fedecamaras, Confederacion de Trabajadores de Venezuela, the Catholic Church and the Fuerzas Armadas. Punto Fijo guaranteed the political stability of the government by compromising between all the countries major powers. The biggest points of the pact are 1) Defensa de la constitucionalidad y derecho a gobernar conforme al resultado electoral. 2) Gobierno de Unidad Nacional, dando participacion en el poder a la oposicion. 3) Programa minimo comun, lo que permitiria garantizar la cooperacion partidista durante el proceso electoral.This pact allowed for fair elections among all the parties. In December 1958, Romulo Betancourt won the presidential elections with 49% of the vote and also won the majority of seats in both congressional houses . Betancourt realized that he would have to consolidate power and form a coalition of the nations most powerful entities to form and establish a sturdy democracy that would last. Most impor tantly, Betancourt announced that there would be no prosecution of crimes during the dictatorship as well as increased military salaries and housing along with weekly trips he made to visit the military barracks . This formed a coalition with the military forces that had always played a large role in the destruction of ruling governments. Although Betancourt made many other alliances he refused to include the extreme left. This was of growing concern as Cuba had just won its revolution against Batista in 1959. Many Communist student movements formed with the Venezuelan Communist Party (PCV) which later merged with the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacion Nacional (FALN), both of which were outlawed, that participated in guerrilla warfare in the jungles of Venezuela as well as bombing oil lines and the US embassy . The FALN was supported not only morally by Castro, but also with arms. Three tons of arms were found abandoned on a Venezuelan beach with clear ties to Cuba in 1963.Castro was no t the only one that wanted Betancourt out of office and the Communists in. Rafeal Leonidas Trujillo Molina, the dictator of the Dominican Republic was responsible for the June 1960 car bombing that killed a military aid and severely burned Betancourt . These events influenced the Betancourt Doctrine, which stated that Venezuela would not recognize any regime that came to power by way of military intervention . Then Venezuela voted to expel Cuba from OAS membership and later broke diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961 . In 1961 after encountering an empty treasury, Betancourt called out to the US for a $300 million dollar loan to combat Castro and the Communist insurgency groups. The US sent $450.6 million dollars between 1962 and 1965 . The US could not afford to let go of a country that supplied so much oil by way of US companies, not to mention that it has been considered the keystone country to the Caribbean region. The US had many fears because Cuba had easy access to Venezuela s neighbor, Guyana, which was already the second most communist country behind Cuba. Guyana sent more students to study in the SU only behind Cuba and in later years Castro would send troops to Angola via Guyana . Two of the most important actions that highlighted the Betacourt administration are 1) the elections of 1963 that secured a real functioning democracy 2) the creation of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) by his minister of energy, Juan Pablo Perez Alonzo in 1960 . Although it did not have much power during its beginning years, it would be seen as a powerful organization in the years to follow. .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .postImageUrl , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:hover , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:visited , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:active { border:0!important; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:active , .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb77ab31d1fd2d3896c5faae5b66438c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chicano Nationalism EssayAD candidate Raul Leoni was elected in 1963 and took office in 1964. Leoni didnt make any radical changes and followed suit with Betacourts reforms. He did still have to face the influence of Castro. The PCV became so out of control that Leoni was forced to search the Universities of Caracas for members that had broken the law. Things came to a head when the military encountered a small landing party headed by a Cuban army officer Machurucuto in the state of Miranda.The situation calmed down and Leoni passed some good agrarian reform laws. The economy under Leoni also proved to be one of the more healthy ones averaging a healthy 5.5% annually . Lar gely, the Leoni administration was a carry over from the Betacourt reforms. Venezuela demonstrated yet again that it was devoted to democracy in the 1968 elections. The AD was split over candidates, which led to the election of COPEI candidate Rafael Caldera . Venezuela passed the test forming an even stronger democracy when the AD passed over the presidential sash to the opposing party, the COPEI. Caldera filled the government with strictly COPEI members and did not make any effort at coalitions. Caldera began by reversing many of the reforms already put forth in the previous AD administrations. Caldera reinstated the PCV as a legal political party and then claimed that it lowered the guerrilla violence. Yet the opposition maintained that it was due to the reevaluation of diplomacy by Cuba and the SU as a result of the death of Che Guevara in 1967 and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslavakia in 1968. Moreover, Caldera rejected the Betacourt Doctrine as too restrictive for Venezuelan interests. Caldera also maintained that the Doctrine was just foreign policy t hat promoted US wellbeing. In effect, Caldera stated that Venezuela would no longer be limited by such doctrines and that it would seek ideological pluralism . Caldera then opened relations with the SU, Eastern Europe and many South American nations that had fallen under military regimes. In 1973, Caldera signed the Lima Consensus that entered Venezuela into the Andean Treaty (Ancom) . The entrance was a positive one because Venezuela was allowed to make many adjustments to the agreement so it would not hurt local businessmen forced to compete with cheap Andean goods. Venezuela also joined for fear of the Brazilian expansion in the region, which was under a military dictatorship . In as much as Caldera strengthened Venezuelas Andean identity, it put forth as much, if not more, effort in furthering its Caribbean identity. Caldera began to put extra capitol from petroleum into the Caribbean Development Bank. These funds derived from petroleum were used to finance loans for Central Ame rican and Caribbean countries to buy oil at cheaper prices. This practice would be expanded in later years. While the Caldera administration strayed away from and even undid, many of the two previous AD administration policies, Caldera produced a healthy economy and expanded its relations and identity throughout the region and indeed the world. The elections of 1973 again gave the power back to Carlos Andres Perez and the AD. Perez and the AD captured 48% of the vote as well as the majority in both houses in congress and the majority of the provinces. In October 1973, the Arab-Israeli War began and quadrupled oil prices. The Venezuelan treasury was suddenly flooded with capitol and inflation began to rise raidly. Perez quickly decided to invest $6 billion of extra annual revenue outside the country in foreign investments by setting up the Venezuelan Investment Fund (FIV) . Some $25 million was also sent to the Caribbean Investment Bank to expand Caribbean development and other loans were made to Central American petroleum importing countries so they could buy oil during the price hike. The Perez administration began expansion on all levels in all areas. The Perez administration visited Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, the SU, Asia, Africa, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Japan. They also received di plomats from all over the world. Venezuela under the Perez administration converted to a rich third world country overnight. Perez took this opportunity to expand or reach to other third world nations of the world, depending on how one looks as it. Perez began speaking more and more about third worldism and ventures to unite them together to combat the first world hegemony. Many countries in the Caribbean and Central America began following the initiative by taking loans from Venezuela as a third world leader instead of the US. To such an extent that it was weakening the functionality CARICOM. Beyond finances, Perez moved into a more diplomatic role with Panama in trying to mediate a negotiation between the Panama and the US for the Canal. Perez also reached out to reunite Cuba with the rest of the OAS, although the attempt failed, Cuba would be incorporated by closer diplomatic relations with Mexico and Venezuela. Mexican President Luis Echeverria Alvarez (1970-76) and Perez joined forces as the two spokesmen for the union of Latin America against the US. Together they formed the Latin American Economic System (SELA) with headquarters in Caracas. This was an organization that was formed to share technologies between the Latin American nations as well as develop and protect the economies of the region (23 Latin American countries promptly joined and the US was excluded) . He supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua against the Samoza Family. Perez even went so far as to send arms to the Sandanistas during the revolution.Although Perez exuded third world politics and third world organizations such as OPEC, it did not participate in the 1973 Oil Embargo, which weakened the strength of the organization. However, Venezuela did fall in line with the price rise before and during the Embargo, which greatly benefited Venezuela. During the Embargo, Perez increased oil shipment to the US to cover the loss of oil from the Arab nations. However, this favor was not returned when the US excluded all the members of OPEC from the 1974 Trade Act, which created the Generalized System of Trade Preferences to lower tariffs on designated imports from developing nations . This along with the US intervention in the military coup in Chile really miffed Venezuelans. Domestically, Perez began spending millions of dollars on state run industries and increased government spending by 200% . Venezuela took over the iron and oil companies that were largely owned by the US. The influx of money into the domestic market due to the excess of petro-dollars led to conspicuous consumption by Venezuelans. This was largely due to Perezs idea of spreading the wealth of the oil revenues with the public by imposing price controls on commodities and other basic staples. Imported cars and processed foods from the US rose to all time high levels as well as the highest level of importation of Scotch in the world . Perezs plan of industrialization in ten years funded by the oil capitol had loopholes. For instance Venezuela while it invested millions in industries, they had no way of transporting the goods without heavy industry trucks to carry the product as well as roads to support the heavy trucks. The lack of infrastructure to support the heavy industries was evident. Thousands of workers were sent abroad to learn new industry technology, but when they returned the industries never quite processed like their competitors abroad. The spending spree of the Perez government became so bad that they had to impose extremely high tariffs on imported goods. In 1971 Perez coordinated a conference to discuss the up coming conference of the Law of the Sea. Now that Venezuela had become rich over night because of its oil wealth, all the Caribbean and Latin American nations became interested in oil developments off the coasts of their countries. Yet it was still unclear exactly where one draws the line of international waters and a countries private waters. Along this same l ine, many Caribbean and Latin American nations were competing fiercely with industrialized nations for rich fishing industry off their coasts. This was also a concern for Trinidad/Tobago with the coastline that they share with Venezuela. The conference concluded that the Caribbean Position was composed to be a sovereign territorial limit of twelve miles but patrimonial waters of up to 200 miles. In the patrimonial waters, coastal states would have full sovereignty over natural resources in the sea and seabed, but they would have no jurisdiction over navigational rights beyond the twelve mile limit.It was of utmost importance to the developing third world Caribbean and Latin American countries because of an estimated 1,500 billion barrels of oil under the sea floor and endangered fish stock that yields about $18 billion worth of high-protein food annually, an estimated $3 trillion worth of manganese and other minerals . The third UN Conference convened in Caracas in 1974 with some 5 000 delegates. The Conference turned out to be unmanageable and an agreement was not reached. The US was against the 200 mile limit of mineral rights and was up against hard opposition because of the Oil Embargo in the previous year that sent oil prices through the roof and sent oil companies looking throughout the ocean for oil reserves. The Secretary of State Kissinger stated that the US could no longer afford to wait for an international settlement althoughBibliography:

Bollywood Film Festival

Bollywood Film Festival Free Online Research Papers The film festival that I have enjoyed to most is an Indian film festival held at New Delhi in December 2005. There were great movies with different stories were released in that film festival. One of the reasons why I liked this festival is, the actors and actress of each individual movies, were excellent in their acting. The whole film festival was of 5 days showing 5 different Bollywood movies. They were very distinct from each other and they were some of the most famous movies of Bollywood. What I have learned from the film festival is that â€Å"love† is the single most important thing in life and our lives revolves around it each single day and night of our lives. In one memorable dialogue Shahrukh Khan speaks: â€Å"It’s all about loving your parents.† This is how the first movie Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham started. I wasn’t expecting a whole lot from a Bollywood movie with the name such as â€Å"Sometimes it’s happiness, and sometimes it’s sorrow†. But by the strong beginning of the movie it showed the true intensity and the art of acting at its best. It was unlike the other movies I have watched before. The reason for me loving this movie was the message it conveyed in the end. I expected it to be a happy movie, but by the end of the movie I realized that it wasn’t the case. No doubt that in India it did so well on the box office. Then on a completely different note on the second day I went to watch the movie called â€Å"Lagaan†. It covered the sensitive issue of freedom fighters of India under the British rule. It was about the war of the truth over evilness of an average Indian living in one little town of â€Å"Udaipur†. The population was under the rule of evil land lord of Udaipur in the year 1785. That British ruler thought that he can take the additional tax on each Indian citizen living in that town without justifying the situation. Besides that the character of him in the movie was not the most positive that you would like to see. So, the movie takes turn before the interval and by then those men gets their motivation from the wife of the same ruler in Udaipur. It was very new concept in Bollywood to show the pure evil and pure saint (acting as his wife) in that movie. I was surprised that in the end the normal citizen of Udaipur wins the battle and the wife of the tyrant ruler takes th e center stage for her kindness, selflessness and sacrifice. The most extra-ordinary thing about this movie is that it wasn’t the pure fiction, but it really happened at one point of time in India. The last movie of the film festival that I went to watch was the Bollywood epic called â€Å"Mughal-e-Azam†. The movie itself was released in the year 1965 but it is one of those memorable classic of Bollywood. Due to my tight schedule at the college I could attend the last day of the film festival and because of the last day there were many people in the movie theater. They were all true movie lovers like me who had come to watch this Indian classic. The movie started with the very strong performance of the legendary actor â€Å"Prithviraj Kapoor† as he shows how the father as an emperor should be like. He is kind hearted, noble, humble, good to his kingdom and a family man. But as his son tries to get control over his life by opposing the father’s created law, the movie starts to get more interesting. By the end of the movie one realizes that the son of the emperor is in true love and wants to get the girl he loves. So by the end of the movie the whol e battle takes place between the two main characters of the movie. The movie shows in the end that how â€Å"true love† always wins in the end. Finally, the Bollywood film festival ended on a very sad note. Even though the duration of the whole film festival was just 5 days, the impact it left on people’s mind was timeless. I also thought when the film festival ended about the selection of the movies and what sorts of messages they were conveying to the normal people viewing the movies. I was stunned to see the diversity of each movie. For instance, I learned that loving our parents is the single most important thing one can do. The second movie that I watched was all about how people motivate others by their willingness to help by showing their kindness. Even as a British woman, the lady shows in the end that, truth always wins no matter in what country or no matter in what situation. As the movie ended it was clear that love is also very essential to live. To fight for your loved ones is the toughest thing to do, yet you have to do it if the people you are fighting with you are judgmental about your love. Research Papers on Bollywood Film FestivalWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationLifes What IfsNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Question - Assignment Example Thus, value of the customer information determines the value of the company (Blattberg, Kim and Neslin 32). With time, database management helps companies understand their customers better and offer them products and services which match their perceptions, likes and requirements more closely. Customer loyalty is the measure of happiness and satisfaction of customers in which they buy the product or avail the services of a company time and again. From an organization’s point of view, it is a strategic management tool wherein right customers are attracted and stimulated to buy and bring in more customers. Lucky Larry made use of databases and valuable customer information to identify frequent and heavy gamblers. It initiated a casino publication to keep them abreast of the latest happenings, news and programs at Lucky Larry’s. There were tournaments arranged for the identified key players to encourage their playing enthusiasm and entice them to come back time and again to the casino. Players who played the biggest and the largest were entitled to prestigious ‘A-Club’ and were also given silver coins as commemoratives from Lucky Larry’s (Kotler, Bowen and Makens 642). Kay Palace, the manager of the database program constantly measured the impact of programs designed with the help of information extracted from databases to improve the results and bring about necessary changes as and when needed. Lucky Larry’s database marketing is definitely a part of integrated marketing program as it is an attempt to attract and contact the customers directly. Database marketing falls under direct marketing when it fulfills two conditions- the results of the list are analyzed and secondly, the list is updated; both of which are true in the case of Lucky Larry’s. Percy (164) asserts that database marketing, as a part of direct marketing can serve as a strategic marketing tool and

Attend and Analyze a Speech - Delivery Aspects Essay

Attend and Analyze a Speech - Delivery Aspects - Essay Example His speech was quick, probably because he had a lot to cover in a short time. However, he took momentary pauses in between, especially after conveying something important to give us time to ponder over what he just said. He spoke animatedly with many facial expressions. His pronunciation was perfect although his speech lacked lucidity. The speaker appeared very confident in his speech. His appearance was very pleasing to the eye. He had a certain dignity in the way he spoke and moved about during the speech. He would hammer the fist of his right hand onto his left hand whenever he had to stress on the obligations that we should follow in daily life. I found this particular act of his to be very articulate and effective. He maintained eye contact with all the listeners, but most of the time, he would focus on the central part of the audience. He sometimes glanced in the book he carried, but that was less frequent. Most of his facial expressions conveyed more than words could. Whenever he spoke of kindness and compassion, piety and righteousness, his eyes shone with warmth and tears would appear in his eyes. His nonverbal communication was very effective and demanded both attention and admiration. Most of the time, he would point his index finger at the audience as if he was condemning them for something.

Sustainable Competitive Advantage Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Competitive Advantage Essay A sustainable competitive advantage occurs when an organization acquires or develops an attribute or combination of attributes that allows it to outperform its competitors. These attributes can include access to natural resources or access to highly trained and skilled personnel human resources. It is an advantage (over the competition), and must have some life; the competition must not be able to do it right away, or it is not sustainable. It is an advantage that is not easily copied and, thus, can be maintained over a long period of time. Competitive advantage is a key determinant of superior performance, and ensures survival and prominent placing in the market. Superior performance is the ultimate, desired goal of a firm; competitive advantage becomes the foundation. It gives firms the ability to stay ahead of present or potential competition and ensure market leadership. Resource-Based View of the firm. In 1991, Jay Barney established four criteria that determine a firms competitive capabilities in the marketplace. These four criteria for judging a firms resources are: 1. Are they valuable? (Do they enable a firm to devise strategies that improve efficiency or effectiveness?) 2. Are they rare? (If many other firms possess it, then it is not rare.) 3. Are they imperfectly imitable (because of unique historical conditions, causally ambiguous, and/or are socially complex)? 4. Are they non-substitutable? (If a ready substitute can be found, then this condition is not met?) When all four of these criteria are met, then a firm can be said to have a sustainable competitive advantage. In other words, the firm will have an advantage in the marketplace which will last until the criteria are no longer met completely. As a result, the firm will be able to earn higher profits than other firms with which it competes. Developing Sustainable Competitive Advantages 1. Customer Loyalty: Customers must be committed to buying merchandise and services from a particular retailer. This can be accomplished through retail branding, positioning, and loyalty programs. A loyalty program is like a Target card. Now, when the customer uses the card as a credit card, Target can track all of their transactions and store it in their data warehouse, which keeps track of the customer’s needs and wants outside of Target. This will entice Target to offer products that they do not have in stock. Target tracks all sales done on their cards. So, Target can track customers who use their card at other retailers and compete by providing that merchandise as well. 2. Location: Location is a critical factor in a consumers selection of a store. Starbucks coffee (shown here Figure 1) is an example. They will conquer one area of a city at a time and then expand in the region. They open stores close to one another to let the storefront promote the company; they do little media advertising due to their location strategy. 3. Distribution and Information Systems: Walmart has killed this part of the retailing strategy. Retailers try to have the most effective and efficient way to get their products at a cheap price and sell them for a reasonable price. Distributing is extremely expensive and timely. 4. Unique Merchandise: Private label brands are products developed and marketed by a retailer and available only from the retailer. For example, if you want Craftsman tools, you must go to Sears to purchase them. 5. Vendor Relations: Developing strong relations with vendors may gain exclusive rights to sell merchandise to a specific region and receive popular merchandise in short supply. 6. Customer Service: This takes time to establish but once its established, it will be hard for a competitor to a develop a comparable reputation. 7. Multiple Source Advantage: Having an advantage over multiple sources is important. For example, McDonalds is known for fast, clean, and hot food. They have cheap meals, nice facilities, and good customer service with a strong reputation for always providing fast, hot food

Charles Herreshoff :: Biography Biographical Essays

Charles Herreshoff After Agnes Muller died in the cold Prussian winter of 1766, her three-year-old son was alone in the world. It was said later, though there was no proof, that Agnes’s husband Corporal Eschoff went mad with grief – surely only that could have explained his subsequent abandonment both of his post as bodyguard to Frederick the Great and of his only child. In any case, he disappeared forever, leaving his former townsfolk with only the vague notion that he had "gone to Italy." The boy’s childhood has been lost to the past. An account written two centuries later by a descendant suggests that he lived with maiden aunts until the age of eight, when the women sent him to live with a professor in Potsdam. This, the account explains, is how the boy finally met Frederick the Great – the monarch consulted with the boy’s professor. Another, more sordid tale mentions the rumors that Frederick himself had fathered the child. Frederick, the story goes, was completely impotent and thus flattered by the suggestion. And so, this version continues, partly out of pride and partly as a joking revenge for the desertion of his bodyguard Corporal Eschoff, the emperor took the boy under his wing and sent him to a school for the children of nobles, equipped with the names of two kings and a surname that meant "lord of the manor": Karl Friederich Herreschoff. What is certain is that Karl Friederich left his native Prussia for the United States around 1786. This voyage across the Atlantic marked the beginning of a metamorphosis: that of Karl Friederich Herreschoff, uncertain but cultured young immigrant, into Charles Frederick Herreshoff, promising young merchant. Charles struggled for a decade in his adopted country, first starting his own firm and going bankrupt; eventually, he went to work for a mercantile firm where wealthy and successful John Brown was a senior partner. The young man’s pleasant demeanor and charm, as well as his talent for good conversation and elegant music, are mentioned in more than one account. He had no good family name and no money other than what the firm paid him – but he had personality, and he hoped that would be enough to catch the eye of Brown’s much-beloved younger daughter, Sarah. By 1798, Charles appears to have already made some kind of declaration to the young woman he affectionately called Sally.

Observational research Essay

Observational research, also known as field research, pertains to a research approach that engages in the direct recording of a phenomenon as it occurs in its natural condition (Zechmeister et al. , 2003). This research approach is distinct from the other research methods because it employs a quasi-artificial scenario that is comprised of a number of factors, of which some could be controlled. The capacity to control at least one of the factors in the environment allows the researcher to perform the scientific method that would answer the developed hypothesis. Observational research could be performed using any of the three classified types of observational techniques. The covert type of observational research involves unidentified researchers that directly interact with the study participants and remain undetected until the completion of the investigation. In other cases, the researchers are positioned at a distance from the study participants, yet are still capable of direct observation of the actions and interactions that each of the study participants engages in. One advantage of this type of observational research approach is that the study participants are not required to cooperate with the researcher. The anonymity of the researcher in the scenario provides study participants to freely express themselves and to liberally make decisions without being influenced by the researcher. Unfortunately, it is also possible that certain ethical violations could be related to this type of observational approach, mainly as a form of deception that is associated with the researchers’ anonymity. The overt type of observational research allows the researchers to identify themselves to the study participants. In addition, the researchers are also required to fully disclose the purpose of their investigation to the study participants. One disadvantage that is strongly associated with the overt type of observational research is the impact of the disclosure on the behavior of the study participants during the entire experimental period. It is actually natural for an individual to be watchful of their actions when they are aware that at least one individual is observing their behavior. As such, the study participant exerts effort in projecting the ideal personality that is acceptable to the eyes of the beholder and definitely not reflective of the actual personality of the study participant. However, it should be understood that in this type of observational research approach, there would be no ethical issues related to deception of the study participants because the identity and the goals of the investigator have been disclosed early on. Researcher participation is another observational type of research approach that engages the investigator in the scenario that is being studied. One advantage of this type of observational technique is that the investigator is allowed to directly interact and to directly appreciate an incident that is being studied. Aside from taking notes of the effects and reactions of the study participants, the researcher also interacts with the rest of the scenario and regards himself as another study participant in the investigation. One disadvantage of this observational type is that the investigator may lose track of the goals of his research study because he becomes extremely engrossed in the activities occurring in the study scenario. In the observational study described in this unit, the covert approach was employed, wherein the investigator directly interacted with 50 study participants with their knowledge of his role and his goals in the interaction. In addition, the study participants are unaware that they are being observed in terms of their attitudes and responses to a specific stimulus or setting. The investigator thus chooses to project a smiling stance as he talks to 50 individuals and he takes note of the response of each of the study participants during his exchange with them. The investigator then rates the response of each of the study participants as very friendly, friendly or neutral.

How Teachers Can Make Effective Discipline Decisions

A major component of being an effective teacher is making correct classroom discipline decisions. Teachers who cannot manage student discipline in their classroom are limited in their overall effectiveness in almost every other area of teaching. Classroom discipline in that sense may be the most critical component of being an outstanding teacher. Effective Classroom Discipline Strategies Effective classroom discipline starts during the first minute of the first day of school. Many students come in looking to see what they can get away with. It is necessary to establish your expectations, procedures, and consequences for dealing with any violation immediately. Within the first few days, these expectations and procedures should be the focal point of discussion. They should be practiced as often as possible. It is also important to understand that kids will still be kids. At some point, they will test you and push the envelope to see how you are going to handle it. It is essential that each situation is handled on a case by case basis taking into account the nature of the incident, history of the student, and reflecting on how you have handled similar cases in the past. Gaining a reputation as a strict teacher is a beneficial thing, especially if you are also known as fair. It is far better to be strict than to be known as a push over because you are trying to get your students to like you. Ultimately your students will respect you more if your classroom is structured and every student is held accountable for their actions. Students will also respect you more if you handle the majority of the discipline decisions yourself rather than passing them on to the principal. Most issues that occur in the classroom are minor in nature and can and should be dealt with by the teacher. However, there are many teachers that send every student straight to the office. This will ultimately undermine their authority and students will see them as weak creating more issues. There are definite cases that merit an office referral, but most can be dealt with by the teacher. The following is a sample blueprint of how five common issues could be handled. It is only intended to serve as a guide and to provoke thought and discussion. Each of the following problems is typical to what any teacher may see occur in their classroom. The scenarios given are pos- investigation, giving you what was proved to have actually happened. Disciplinary Issues and Recommendations Excessive Talking Introduction: Excessive talking can become a serious issue in any classroom if it is not handled immediately. It is contagious by nature. Two students engaging in a conversation during class can quickly turn into a loud and disruptive whole classroom affair. There are times that talking is needed and acceptable, but students must be taught the difference between classroom discussion and engaging in conversation about what they are going to be doing on the weekend. Scenario: Two 7th grade girls have been engaged in constant chatter throughout the morning. The teacher has given two warnings to quit, but it has continued. Several students are now complaining about being disrupted by their talking. One of these students has had this issue on several other occasions while the other hasn’t been in trouble for anything. Consequences: The first thing is to separate the two students. Isolate the student, who has had similar issues, from the other students by moving her next to your desk. Give both of them several days of detention. Contact both parents explaining the situation. Finally, create a plan and share it with the girls and their parents detailing how this issue will be dealt with if it continues in the future. Cheating Introduction: Cheating is something that is nearly impossible to stop especially for work that is done outside of class. However, when you do catch students cheating, you should use them to set an example that you hope will deter other students from engaging in the same practice. Students should be taught that cheating will not help them even if they get away with it. Scenario: A high school Biology I teacher is giving a test and catches two students using answers they had written on their hands. Consequences: The teacher should take their tests up immediately and give them both zeros. The teacher could also give them several days of detention or be creative by giving them an assignment such as writing a paper explaining why students shouldn’t cheat. The teacher should also contact both students’ parents explaining the situation to them. Failure to Bring Appropriate Materials Introduction: When students fail to bring materials to class such as pencils, paper, and books it becomes annoying and ultimately takes up valuable class time. Most students who continuously forget to bring their materials to class have an organization problem. Scenario: An 8th-grade boy routinely comes to math class without his book or some other required material. This typically happens 2-3 times per week. The teacher has given the student detention on multiple occasions, but it has not been effective in correcting the behavior. Consequences: This student likely has a problem with organization. The teacher should set up a parent meeting and include the student. During the meeting create a plan to help the student with organization at school. In the plan include strategies such as daily locker checks and assigning a responsible student to assist the student in getting the needed materials to each class. Give the student and parent suggestions and strategies to work on organization at home. Refusal to Complete Work Introduction: This is an issue that can swell from something minor to something major very quickly. This isn’t a problem that should ever be ignored. Concepts are taught sequentially, so even missing one assignment, could lead to gaps down the road. Scenario: A 3rd-grade student hasn’t completed two reading assignments in a row. When asked why, he says that he didn’t have time to do them even though most other students finished the assignments during class. Consequences: No student should be allowed to take a zero. It is essential that the student be required to complete the assignment even if only partial credit is given. This will keep the student from missing a key concept. The student could be required to stay after school for extra tutoring to make up the assignments. The parent should be contacted, and a specific plan should be designed to discourage this issue from becoming a habit. Conflict Between Students Introduction: There will likely always be petty conflicts between students for various reasons. It doesn’t take long for a pretty conflict to turn into an all out fight. That is why it is necessary to get to the root of the conflict and put a stop to it immediately. Scenario: Two 5th grade boys come back from lunch upset at each other. The conflict hasn’t become physical, but the two have exchanged words without cursing. After some investigation, the teacher determines that the boys are arguing because they both have a crush on the same girl. Consequences: The teacher should start by reiterating the fighting policy to both boys. Asking the principal to take a few minutes to speak with both boys about the situation can also help deter further issues. Typically a situation like this will diffuse itself if both parties are reminded of the consequences if it progresses any further.